Chapters
Chapter 1: When Should a Trademark Be Pursued, and When Is it Best to Walk Away? ……….. 1
I. What is a Trademark? ……….. 1
II. Geographic Zones ……….. 7
Chapter 2: The Filing Process ……….. 13
I. Introduction ……….. 13
II. Specimen and Declaration of Use ……….. 14
III. Examination ……….. 17
IV. Continued Use ……….. 20
V. Intent to Use ……….. 22
VI. Madrid Protocol ……….. 24
Chapter 3: How to Design a Trademark ……….. 29
I. Introduction ……….. 29
II. Distinctiveness ……….. 30
III. Acquiring Secondary Meaning ……….. 39
IV. Genericide ……….. 42
Chapter 4: Trade Dress ……….. 46
I. Introduction ……….. 46
II. Protectability ……….. 47
III. Trade Dress Categories ……….. 51
IV. Trade Dress Enforcement under the Lanham Act ……….. 54
Chapter 5: Likelihood of Confusion ……… 58
I. Introduction ……….. 58
II. Confusion Among Consumers ……….. 62
Chapter 6: Fair Use of Another’s Trademark ……….. 70
I. Introduction ……….. 70
II. Classic Fair Use ……….. 71
III. Nominative Fair Use ……….. 74
IV. Classic and Nominative Fair Use ……….. 78
Chapter 7: Negative Associations ……….. 82
I. Introduction ……….. 82
II. Assignments in Gross ……….. 83
III. Dilution ……….. 87
A. Tarnishment ……….. 90
B. Blurring ……….. 92
Chapter 8: Protecting Trademarks Online ……….. 96
I. Introduction ……….. 96
II. Vigilance and Policing of your mark ……….. 96
III. The Legal Process ……….. 100
IV. Outcomes ……….. 101
V. Conclusion ……….. 108